Electric heating and lighting apparatus.



W. S. HADAWAY JR.

ELECTRIC HEATING AND LlGHT NG APPARATUS.

APPLICATION HLED SEPT. 26, 1913.

1 3308443. Patnted Dec.12,191 5.

IN VE N TOR Axum aw BY W A TTORNEV an zzpplianc 0. ,limg and hezvbm (to 21m light. known ihut electric l. upon electric energy member to an incandesinae heat as well as v cf'cient electric light example, tungsten filament .zecl $1 a roam 0L chamlereto, is nbvious a ll 3am; heater Fella t1 vely 38 ll w'll "an utilize n1:

l1 character t-lm t mne produce a l'liSBlf 15 not enpmper color to 111g elements 'afi'lLlCll consume l5 0'? energy and gi van off from ill cient lightin *entlml is to pro l6 heater l.

col'xosgm amclrvl, ma pm? able den J swam" 0 l 211103 1' olxjwts and mlvzmi' vention will be set j EOf-Jll llezmi 70 orlm- 'tluxl mj im Qltiun may be thoroughly undersiond, I will describe file same in the :lollowing specification, and than poinfi out Hm novel 'Fentul'es thereof in appenile claims.

in. the ili'znvings: a fiz't'ur .sljnurted nee in 0( l t l0 1 :1 3 m; t; l; 10

units 111m v the ether.

is adapted {o be inserted in one or" the sockets 12, an insulated rod extending upwardly from the plug and connected to one side of the supply circuit. and a resistance element which is electrically interposed between the. outer end of the rod and the plug and is mechanically supported about the insulated rod Each of the units is preferably inclosed by a suitable casing but this is to protect the unit and improve its appearance and is not intended to be a vacuum chamber or bulb. The units 20 extend into the hood 32 ot the reflector. Each of the units is designed to operate at a very high temperature in order that a large proportion of its heat may be transferred from it by radiation and only a small proportion by convection.

It is a well known fact that heat may be transferred in three dilterent ways, viz., y conduction by convection, and by radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat from one part of a. body to another. Convection is the transfer of heat by the motion of heated matter and takes place only in lluids and gases. Radiation is the communication of heat from a hot body to a colder one across an intervening space and does not depend upon intervening air or any other tangible matter. The transfer of heat by radiation is supposed to be effected through Heat is transterred from electric heating devices, as ordinarily constructed, partly by radiation and in some cases by conduction but ordinarily it is largely transferred by convection. in many ays this is the most unsatisfactory and uneconomical method of transferring heat and it has been my aim to produce a heater which is so designed and operated that a very large percentage of its heat is transferred, directly where it is wanted and used, by radiation.

The intensity of heat radiation from a given source varies as the temperature oi the source, and inversely as the; square of the distance from the source. I have consequently designed and arranged my heater units to operate at a. very high temperature and l have designed the fixture to be placed in an elevated position in ordethat the distribution of radiated heat may be most eil'ective.

The radiated heat rays are transmitted in all directions from the heated body but may he reflected. by the use or a suitable surface, such as polished silv or brass. l/Vhen the heating fixture is d: red for mounting on a wall as the fixture iown in the drawings, I utilize a reflector such as the reflector 30 having a highly polished inte ior surface and ar winged to prevent the radiated heat from heating the wall or the ceiling of the is located and room 1 11 which the fixture reflecting all of the rays downwardly upon the floor of the room or objects located thereon. The units 20 may of? course also give oli' light but this has no bearing upon my invention and the fact should be clearly borne in mind that radiation of heat does not in any way depend upon the radiation of light.

The structure of Fig. 3 a portable de vice intended to replace an electrolier and in addition to providing an etlicient light it embodies radiant heater units which are arranged to transfer the heat generated therein to outside bodies. The portable structure comprises a base or standard 50 having a central arm 51 which is crowned by a lighting unit- 52, and aplurality of branch arms each of which supports a radiant heater unit The portable structure may be utilized for various purposes as for eX- ample in the corner of a large room or near a window where a seat or couch is located and where good light and heat add mater rially to the comfort of the user.

The structures of my invention have the advanta of being utilized either solely as a scance of lighting or heat or as a source oi? both heat and light.

llhile l. have illustrated on y two embodiu'ients of my invention, 1 do not intend to be limited in this regard and variations and modifications will suggest themselves to those skilled in this art, consequently I intend that only such limitations be imposed as are indicated in appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A conilgiination heating and lighting apparatus comprising a radiant electric heater unit adapted to translate a relatively large quantity of electric energy into heat at a temperature which is sutliciently high to produce usetul light, and :ulapted to translate a relatively small quantily oi energy into light at a high temperature whereby the resultant light from the two units is available and constitutes the lighting ellect of the apparatus.

2. A combination heating and lighting apparatus comprising a radiant electric heater unit adapted to operate at a tempera ture suliicient to produce a quantity of light, and a lighting unit adapted to produce a light of such quality as to efiectively supplement and combine with the light produced by the heating elements whereby both units operate etliciently and cooperatively in proximity to each other.

3. 1 combination heating; fixture comprising a support, a radiant electric heater unit mounted thereon-and arranged to transmit a large percentage of heat generated therein by radiation and to operate at a suiliciently high temperature to produce useful light, and a lighting unit a lighting unit Hill and lighting mounted on the same support, arranged to lighting devices carried on the other side transform a large percentage of the electric .of said support and a comnion reflector asenergy consumed therein to light, and sociated with said devices. adapted to cooperate with the light pro- In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set 1% k 5 duced by the heater and to determine the my hand this 24 day of September, in the character of the effective light of the liX- year 1913.

ture.

4. A combination heating and lighting ZILLIAM HADAWAY fixture having a support, a plurality of Witnesses: 10 electrical heating devices carried on one Gr. R. QUIMLI,

side of said support, a plurality of electric F GRAVES. 

